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Science Technology & Society, Vol. 9, No. 1, 29-50 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/097172180400900102

International Science, Brazil and Diplomacy in UNESCO (1946-50)

Heloisa Maria Bertol Domingues

Museu de Astronomia e Ciencias afins, rua General Bruce, 586-20.921-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Patrick Petitjean

Centre National de la Recherche Scintifique & Université Paris 7 (UMR7596), 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05, France

At the end of World War II, numerous initiatives for international scientific cooperation were undertaken by the UN: the creation of a science division in UNESCO, projects of international laboratories, support to scientific unions and creation of scientific cooper ation field offices in Southern countries. The development of international science and the contribution of scientific cooperation in maintaining peace were seen as one and only goal. Committed scientists such as Henri Laugier in the UN and Joseph Needham in the UNESCO tried to give life to ideas developed by the 'science and society' move ments in the 1930s and 1940s through a new form ofscientific cooperation. The develop ment of international science, before anything else, was to meet social needs: health, food, standards of living and education. But in the beginning of the 1950s the Cold War reduced the international support given to these projects considerably. This paper analyses the goals coherence of the goals pursued by these international bodies. It focuses on the specific perspectives defended by Paulo Carneiro, as a scientist and as a representative of the Brazilian government in the UNESCO, mainly through his project of the International Institute of the Hylean Amazon.


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